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Akoya vs Freshwater pearls

Akoya pearls come from Pinctada fucata (akoya oyster), grown in Japan, Vietnam and China. Freshwater pearls come from Hyriopsis mussels, grown in China leads world production.

Akoya pearls
vs
Freshwater pearls
Akoya pearlsFreshwater pearls
WaterSaltwaterFreshwater
MolluskPinctada fucata (akoya oyster)Hyriopsis mussels
WhereJapan, Vietnam and ChinaChina leads world production
Typical size6 to 9 mm; over 9 mm is larger and rarer6 to 12 mm (Edison pearls 11 to 16 mm or more)
ShapesRound and near-round prized for classic strandsEvery shape, from round to baroque
How it startsBead-nucleated; usually one pearl at a timeTraditionally tissue-nucleated, so almost solid nacre; bead-nucleated freshwater pearls are increasingly common
Growing time10 to 24 monthsA mussel can grow many pearls in one cycle

The differences

  • Akoya pearls come from Pinctada fucata (akoya oyster), grown in Japan, Vietnam and China. Freshwater pearls come from Hyriopsis mussels, grown in China leads world production.
  • Typical sizes (GIA): Akoya 6 to 9 mm, against 6 to 12 mm for Freshwater.
  • Colors: Akoya pearls come in white, cream, silvery blue; Freshwater in white, pink, purple, lavender, peach, yellow.
  • Growing time: Akoya 10 to 24 months; Freshwater a mussel can grow many pearls in one cycle.
  • Akoyas are known for round shapes and sharp luster; freshwater pearls are usually less expensive, almost solid nacre and come in more pastel colors.

More about akoya pearls · More about freshwater pearls · Compare looks in Pearl Studio

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between akoya and freshwater pearls?

Akoya pearls come from Pinctada fucata (akoya oyster), grown in Japan, Vietnam and China. Freshwater pearls come from Hyriopsis mussels, grown in China leads world production. Typical sizes (GIA): Akoya 6 to 9 mm, against 6 to 12 mm for Freshwater.

Facts from GIA: Differences between pearl types. Checked October 22, 2026.